What Is Schizoid Personality Disorder - 749 Words

Schizoid Personality Disorder Hunter Boumans Central Louisiana Technical Community College †¢ DEFINITION- Aka SPD, is a â€Å"Cluster A† disorder characterized by a lack of interest in relationships, a tendency towards a solitary or sheltered lifestyle, emotional coldness, and apathy. These people may seem distant, detached, and indifferent in their interactions. Schizoid personality disorder is NOT the same as schizophrenia despite their names being similar, however some of the behavioral symptoms may be alike. †¢ POSSIBLE CAUSE/RISK FACTORS- The specific cause of SPD is unknown, however genetic and environmental factors during childhood may cause a development of this disorder. Risk Factors- Blood relative who has schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder or schizophrenia. Growing up in a non-nurturing household or in a situation without parents (such as orphanage). †¢ SIGNS/SYMPTOMS- Prefer to be alone majority of the time. Take pleasure in only a few activities No social relationships Indifferent to praise or criticism Express little to no emotion They do not care about appearance Prefer to work alone They do not enjoy social activities †¢ TREATMENT- ïÆ'Ëœ Therapy- people with this SPD don’t usually seek medical attention because they don’t feel they need relief, and they don’t like interacting with doctors in a social setting. When medical attention is sought, group or individual talk therapy is used to increase coping skills,Show MoreRelatedSchizoid Personality Disorder Essays1115 Words   |  5 Pagesstopped and thought maybe its something deeper? Maybe these kids have a mental disorder that causes them to be that way. Maybe, just maybe, its not even their own choice but its forced upon them by abusive and neglectful parents that obliterate their children’s trust so far that they cant even function in society as a regular human being. This mental disorder is called Schizoid personality disorder. Schizoid personality disorder is a mental block that causes kids, and adults, to be completely shut- inRead MoreThe Personality Disorder Case Study891 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality Disorder Case Study Male client in his late forties for initial counseling session. He claims that he is only seeking counseling to appease his ageing mother (Laureate Education, 2012). He states his mother is 86 years old and is pushing him to find a girlfriend (Laureate Education, 2012). He states that he is not willing to change his ways to accommodate a relationship (Laureate Education, 2012). Client insists that he does not want a relationship, that he has never wanted one (LaureateRead MoreEssay about Psy/270 Appendix H901 Words   |  4 Pages By: Ronald Berry 1. Case Study 1 DSM – IV: Schizoid Personality Disorder A. Causes: When it comes to this disorder the exact cause is unknown, even though a combination of environmental and genetic factors especially in early childhood have been link to be the contributing cause of development of all disorders. Many people with this disorder may have had parents who were unresponsive to their emotional needs. Some may have been thin – skinnedRead MorePersonality Disorders: What you should know. A way to think about a personality disorder is to1200 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality Disorders: What you should know. A way to think about a personality disorder is to think about someone who is complex because personality disorders are not a simple health concern. There is so much involved with these disorders. A person’s life can revolve around a personality disorder due to the fact that it is a mental issue. (Mayo Clinic, 2014). There is a stigma around the idea of mental disorder. People assume that a person with any type of mental disorder is dangerous or harmfulRead MoreBook Review : Emily A 41 Year Old Caucasian Female Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagessessions for what appears to be depression, she attending Debtors Anonymous and AL anon. It’s not clear as to the specifics of attending Debtors Anonymous but Its clear why she may be attending alcohol anonymous. To Rule Out 296.51 Bipolar Disorder †¢ Emily displays symptom of depression and concentrating on one thing at a time. (Bennett 2011 p. 238) This was evident when she was moving from topic to topic in her discussion with her therapist. There seemed to be a history of Bipolar Disorder in Emily’sRead MorePersonality Theories Of Personality Disorders1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent theories of personality which scientists have developed in order to help explain how people think, feel, and behave. The trait theory of personality is one that attempts to explain personality by identifying patterns of behavior that include relatively stable characteristics which in turn causes individuals to consistently behave in particular ways (Funder, 2015). While personality may change due to different situations or states, the trait theory proposes that overall personality characteristicsRead MoreCoun 646 Research Paper4382 Words   |  18 PagesEffects of Vulnerability Factors on Paranoid Personality Disorder Felicia Flemming-Brown COUN 646: Psychopathology and Counseling Liberty University Abstract Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed personality disorders with debilitating implications for individuals diagnosed; yet there is limited research regarding the etiology and genetic and environmental vulnerability factors available. The paper will provide a brief synopsis of PPD as well as evaluatingRead MoreAvoiding The Possessive Shadow Of Society1851 Words   |  8 Pagesand choose the information they needed to support their claims. Craig Medred, a writer for the Anchorage Daily News, uses the argument that because Chris wrote about his adventures in the third-person and gave himself a new name he had another personality, and therefore was mentally ill, Craig writes in an article titled McCandless story isn t really told in the book or the film, â€Å"Note the third-person reference to himself there. It’s a textbook signal for schizophrenia.† Craig Medred failsRead MoreEssay about Psychological Disorders1399 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Disorders’ Presentation â€Å"Psychological disorders are behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or impaired functioning (Nevid amp; Rathus, 2005).† Many people battle different kinds of disorders ranging from anxiety, dissociative, somatoform, moodiness, schizophrenia, personality, and many other disorders (Nevid amp; Rathus, 2005). Some are so mild that people do not recognize when they have it, and some are so severe that they become aRead MorePsychological Disorders Analyzed in Watchmen2297 Words   |  10 PagesName Date Course Professor/Instructor Psychological Disorders analyzed in Watchmen Through out the graphic novel Watchmen written by Alan Moore, Moore tells the story of a particular superhero group referred to as Watchmen whom for the most part possess relatively human characteristics. In a reversed manner, Moore uses these characters to symbolize the different kinds of human beings in the world rather than the typical super beings so often created in traditional comic books (Disinformation).

Changes in Algerian Foreign Policy Under Bouteflikas...

When Bouteflika became President in 1999, there were no indications that the Algerian foreign policy would undergo any change. Alexis Arieff’s assumption that: â€Å"The legacy of Algeria’s anti-colonial struggle contributes to Algerian leaders’ desire to prevent direct foreign intervention, their residual scepticism of French intentions, and Algeria’s positions on regional affairs, including a non-interventionist stance† (1) was an anticipation that no far reaching variations in the Algerian foreign policy could be expected. More than that, being one of the chief architects of Algeria’s nationalist foreign policy of the 1960s and 1970s, Bouteflika’s known attitude to foreign policy suggested continuity rather than any radical break with the recent past. Similarly, the prevailing political situation in Algeria suggested that there was almost no prospect that the tensions in Algerian-Western relations would diminish in the foreseeable f uture. However, if one considers Algeria’s domestic imperatives, geostrategic considerations, the fast-changing regional and international order, and the country’s foreign policy outlook, then one logically realises that the prevailing geopolitical context in Algeria, starting from the 1990s, necessitated a new foreign policy paradigm; one that adapts to the changing realities without necessarily compromising â€Å"the doctrines, principles and practices that drove the foreign policy of the government since independence in 1962† (Boukhars). Against all

Louis XIV Essay Research Paper 16381715 king free essay sample

Louis XIV Essay, Research Paper 1638? 1715, king of France ( 1643? 1715 ) , boy and replacement of King Louis XIII. ? ? Early on Reign After his male parent? s decease his female parent, Anne of Austria, was trustee for Louis, but the existent power was wielded by Anne? s advisor, Cardinal Mazarin. Louis did non take over the authorities until Mazarin? s decease ( 1661 ) . By so France was economically exhausted by the Thirty Years War, by the Fronde, and by financial maltreatments. But the centralising policies of Richelieu and Mazarin had prepared the land for Louis, under whom absolute monarchy, based on the theory of Godhead right, reached its height. ? ? Domestic Policy Louis? s reign can be characterized by the comment attributed to him, ? L? ? cheapness, c? est moi? [ I am the province ] . Louis continued the aristocracy? s freedom from revenue enhancements but forced its members into fiscal dependance on the Crown, therefore making a tribunal aristocracy occupied with ceremonial etiquette and junior-grade machinations. We will write a custom essay sample on Louis XIV Essay Research Paper 16381715 king or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The provincial Lords besides lost political power. Louis used the middle class to construct his centralised bureaucratism. He curtailed local governments and created specialised ministries, filled by professionals responsible to him. Under his curate Jean Baptiste Colbert industry and commercialism expanded on mercantilist rules and a naval forces was developed. The war curate, the Marquis de Louvois, established the foundations of Gallic military greatness. ? ? Religious Personal businesss Louis progressively imposed spiritual uniformity. His persecution of the Huguenots in the 1680s culminated ( 1685 ) in the annulment of the Edict of Nantes. The attendant hegira of Protestants, many of whom were merchandisers and skilled craftsmans, intensified the land? s economic diminution and farther alienated the Protestant powers. Louis besides suppressed Jansenism. Despi Te this concern with spiritual orthodoxy, he favored Gallicanism, and contention with the Catholic Popes approached split ( 1673? 93 ) before Louis abandoned this position. ? ? Foreign Policy Louis strove smartly for domination in foreign personal businesss. His matrimony ( 1660 ) to the Spanish princess Marie Th? R? se served as a stalking-horse for the War of Devolution ( 1667? 68 ) , which netted him portion of Flanders, although the Dutch so moved against him with the Triple Alliance of 1668. Relationss with the Dutch were exacerbated by commercial competition and in 1672 Louis, determined to oppress Holland, began the tierce of the Dutch Wars, which depleted his treasury.For the following 10 old ages the male monarch limited his policies to diplomatic negotiations. He set up? Chamberss of reunion? to unearth legal evidences for claims on a figure of metropoliss, which Louis quickly annexed. Fear of Louis? s edacity resulted in a European alliance, which confronted him when he attacked the Holy Roman Empire in 1688. This war ended with the Treaty of Ryswick ( 1697 ) , through which Louis lost minor districts. Louis? s last war, the War of the Spanish Succession ( 1701 ? 14 ) , left France in debt and greatly weakened militarily ; however, Louis? s grandson retained the Spanish throne. ? ? The Court Although he had a series of kept womans, Louis XIV eventually came under the influence of Mme de Maintenon, whom he married morganatically ( 1684 ) after the queen? s decease. A great protagonist of the humanistic disciplines, Louis patronized the foremost authors and creative persons of his clip, including Moli? rhenium, Jean Racine, Jean de La Fontaine, and Charles Le Brun. The designer Jules Mansart supervised the edifice of the munificent castle of Versailles. Because of the glare of his tribunal, Louis was called? Le Roi Soleil? [ the Sun King ] and? Le Grand Monarque. ? He was succeeded by his great-grandson, Louis XV.

Toba Tek Singh free essay sample

Tek Singh is a satire on partition and its repercussions. The narration is reliable but not omniscient as the narrator is unaware of the motives and unspoken thoughts of various characters in the story. The story is set up in a time frame of two or three years after partition. The language is simple and deliberately repetitive. Toba Tek Singh is one of the most famous stories by Manto on partition and is among his last ones. It was published in Maktab-e-Jadid in Lahore in 1955. Toba Tek Singh is a district in Punjab Province of Pakistan. The town and district is named after a Sikh religious figure Tek Singh. Legend has it that Mr. Singh, a kind hearted man served water and provided shelter to the worn out and thirsty travellers passing by a small pond (TOBA in Punjabi) which eventually was called Toba Tek Singh, and the surrounding settlement acquired the same name. We will write a custom essay sample on Toba Tek Singh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is also a park here named after the Sardar Tek Singh. Every reader at once realizes that it is a powerful satire, and also a bitter indictment of the political process and behavior patterns that brought up the Partition. But Manto`s magic lies in the fact that there is not a single word in the story that tells us so directly. Manto just ushers his readers onto the road and leaves the rest to their vivid imagination. The first sentence of the story tells us that it takes place two or three years after the partition, dropping us abruptly to a very long flashback. The Narrator at the end locates Bishan Singh (Toba Tek Singh) in a No-Man’s-Land between the barbed boundaries of the two nations. As the story takes place after two three years of Partition, it seems highly unbelievable that not only the lunatics, but the people around as well can’t figure out where the place is now. That’s the irony of the partition, where things got so mixed up was that no one in fact knew well where India ends and where Pakistan begins. The point to be taken into account is that â€Å"partition† came up with â€Å"independence†. But arguably if there was any â€Å"independence† it was on a political front, but was â€Å"Man† ever independent? Was he given a choice? Was his voice heard? I am reminded of a couplet from Meer. He says Na Haq Hum Majburoon Pe Tohmat Hai Mukhtari Ki. Chahtay Hain So Aap Karay Hain, Hum Ko Ibbas Badnaam Kiya The story draws a distinction between the two extremes. Either here or there. No in-between exists. Logically speaking, one can’t be in two states at once, just as, in other modes of social distinction, one can’t have two religions or two color skins. Bishan achieves ultimate marginality by dying on the border between two states, thus opting for neither. Set in a madhouse it uses madness as a metaphor for sanity. That if you were sane enough you would have not gone ahead for such division that has lasting effects. The helpless lunatics in the madhouse are unable to perceive the reconstruction happening on the geo-political scene of â€Å"India†. They seem to be speaking in a Ghalibian voice. Bazeecha-e-Atfaal Hai Duniya Mere Aagay. Hota Hai Shab-o-Roz Tamasha Mere Aagay. The World is but a game that children play before my eyes. The Spectacle that passes night and day before my eyes With a touch of sardonic humour the author portrays the confusion when this news reaches the madhouse in Lahore . Therefore the comments and reactions of the various madmen present there must not be dismissed as ludicrous. The metaphor of madness works at different levels. At the most basic level, the madness of the asylum is a metonym for the madness that wreaks havoc in the nation at large. In an ironic manner, the mad are seen as saner than the sane whose ‘reason’ led them to divide a nation into two. Also, the perspective of the mad, those who are at the margins of the society, occupies centrestage and in an inverted manner challenges the rationale of the dominant politics of those at the centre of power. Further ,when the action is set against bizarre scenes of pillage and plunder one becomes aware of the underlying irony in the peace and harmony of the madhouse and the sanity of the madmen pointing to insanity of the so-called â€Å"sane† politicians. The ambiguity of the nationhood is expressed when we are told that one madman got caught up in this whole confusion of Pakistan and Hindustan and Hindustan and Pakistan that he ended up considerably madder than before. The madmen in the Lahore asylum are a microcosm of the society. Through them all sections of the society and targeted and satirized and amidst them is Bihsan Singh who successfully resists all such identities thrust upon them by choosing something that belongs to no one. Manto therefore is not just questioning the two-nation theory but also the ery idea of nationhood as the basis of one’s identity which later creates an ironic personal identity crisis and shatters the sense of belonging. It is worth noticing that Manto has personified a place as a character who happens to be the main protagonist of the story- Toba Tek Singh convincingly signifying the degree of attachment and love he possesses and despite of being far away, Alas! Bishan Singh is indistinguishabl e from Toba Tek Singh as if they account for the same. He seems to be saying. Mat Pooch K Kya Haal Hai Mera Tera Peechay. Tu Dekh K Kya Rang Hai Tera Mere Aagay. You need not to ask how I feel when I am away from you. See for yourself how you feel when you are before my eyes. Toba Tek Singh is given a very absurd choice. To choose between two beloveds that he loves equally. Caught in the act, Bishan Singh does not know what to do and his mind experiences the exertion of forces from opposite ends. Torn by this nonsensical but incumbent choice he has to make, he seems to be murmuring the following line of Ghalib. Eeman Mujhe Rokay hai To Kheenchay Hai Mujhe Kufrr. Ka’aba Meray Peechay Hai Kaleesa Mere Aagay. My Faith Restrains me, while the lure of unbelief attracts me. That way the Ka’aba and this way the Church, Before my eyes. Bishan achieves ultimate marginality by dying on the border between two states, thus opting for neither of the two and therefore not compromising on the unclear existence of Toba Tek Singh. Jaan Tum Par Nisaar Karta Hoon. Mein Nahin Jaanta Dua Kya Hai. I would lay down my life for you. For I do not know what praying for you means. When fiction writes history, literature becomes a unique source of historical data. Fiction records violence; but it also hints at the unnamed and often unnameable guilt and shame of it all. It does more. In its human embodiments of history, it considers the possibility – and the impossibility – of coming to terms with partition, borders, lines, parameters, maps, insiders, outsiders, us and them. If Saadat Hasan Manto could return to Wagah today, he would find that his dream of a subcontinent where people live as people, not members of a religion or caste, remains a dream still. He may recall Faiz’s words: This mottled dawn This night-bitten morning No, this is not the morning We had set out in search of. Or he may wake up Toba Tek Singh, help him stand on no man’s land again.

Free Essays on Cane - Dusk Synthesis

Dusk and the Great Synthesis Throughout much of the novel Cane, Toomer hints to the reader the idea of dusk and other fleeting imagery. As it stated in Karintha â€Å"perfect as dusk as the sun goes down† (Toomer 5) or as described in the Song of the Son, â€Å"In time, for though the sun is setting on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Toomer 21) and lastly in Georgia Dusk, â€Å"The setting sun, to indolent to hold†¦Passively darkens.† (Toomer 22) What exactly is meant by these types of imagery? They can be explained in several different manners. Perhaps dusk pertains to the idea of changing, for example, from light to dark. On the other hand it may be an attempt to depict vagueness or a lack of clarity during a specific time. Beyond that, it might even be both. To understand what Toomer is trying to entrust to his reader we must delve deeper into his novel. As stated in the Song of the Son, â€Å"in time†¦ just before an epoch’s sun declines†¦ to catch thy soul leaving, gone.† (Toomer 21) there was a great time when the sun has shone, but now its time for it to go and leave. At this specific moment, although it is too late to retrieve the sun, the sun has not disappeared completely. As the book progresses, we see the black population shift northwards from the southern area known as the black belt. This shift northwards represents two separate but similar ideas. This symbolizes both the loss of a unified, tightly knit sense of community, which is left behind down in Georgia as well as a loss of spirituality and tradition. As Toomer explains in Seventh Street, there is a great migration from the rural south into the urban north. This occurs slowly as the novel continuously advances. Slowly but surely, the black folk culture is being assimilated as the shift northward takes place. A key motive for this loss of culture or rather spirituality could be blamed, namely on their venture for wealth and materialistic pleasures. It is only natural for a human being ... Free Essays on Cane - Dusk Synthesis Free Essays on Cane - Dusk Synthesis Dusk and the Great Synthesis Throughout much of the novel Cane, Toomer hints to the reader the idea of dusk and other fleeting imagery. As it stated in Karintha â€Å"perfect as dusk as the sun goes down† (Toomer 5) or as described in the Song of the Son, â€Å"In time, for though the sun is setting on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Toomer 21) and lastly in Georgia Dusk, â€Å"The setting sun, to indolent to hold†¦Passively darkens.† (Toomer 22) What exactly is meant by these types of imagery? They can be explained in several different manners. Perhaps dusk pertains to the idea of changing, for example, from light to dark. On the other hand it may be an attempt to depict vagueness or a lack of clarity during a specific time. Beyond that, it might even be both. To understand what Toomer is trying to entrust to his reader we must delve deeper into his novel. As stated in the Song of the Son, â€Å"in time†¦ just before an epoch’s sun declines†¦ to catch thy soul leaving, gone.† (Toomer 21) there was a great time when the sun has shone, but now its time for it to go and leave. At this specific moment, although it is too late to retrieve the sun, the sun has not disappeared completely. As the book progresses, we see the black population shift northwards from the southern area known as the black belt. This shift northwards represents two separate but similar ideas. This symbolizes both the loss of a unified, tightly knit sense of community, which is left behind down in Georgia as well as a loss of spirituality and tradition. As Toomer explains in Seventh Street, there is a great migration from the rural south into the urban north. This occurs slowly as the novel continuously advances. Slowly but surely, the black folk culture is being assimilated as the shift northward takes place. A key motive for this loss of culture or rather spirituality could be blamed, namely on their venture for wealth and materialistic pleasures. It is only natural for a human being ...

How to Use Psychology in Advertising to Make People Buy

How to Use Psychology in Advertising to Make People Buy 5,000. That’s the number of advertisements that the average consumer is exposed to every day. You are probably thinking†¦ â€Å"How the heck can I make people notice my advertisements?† Advertisers have long discovered that they can leverage psychology to find what attracts attention, leaves an impression, persuades, and leads to the act of purchase. That being said, you can use psychology to make sure that your advertising is actually working. Ok, that’s awesome. But how? If you want to learn how to make your advertisements actually work, by work I mean make people buy your product, keep on scrolling’.👇 On average, people are exposed to nearly 5,000 ads per day. #advertising.The Psychology of Advertising Chances are you specialize in marketing, not psychology, so this area may be a little†¦ fuzzy. So what is the Psychology of Advertising? Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Its no surprise that these two areas converge. Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Basic Types of Advertisements Nowadays, there are so many different types of advertisements. Whether you’re using traditional tactics or digital tactics, understanding the psychology behind your advertisements is important. Here are a few of the basic forms of advertisements: Traditional Commercials Newspaper Magazine Radio Direct mail Billboard Digital Social Google Ads Search Display Inbox Sponsored listings Whether you’re running a Google ad, or just put up a billboard, you’ll want to choose either the thinking or feeling approach for your advertisement. CPM vs. HEM There are two basic models that explain how people process information, the Consumer Processing Model and the Hedonic, Experiential Model. In other words, thinking and feeling models. Chances are you’ll lean towards one model, depending on your product and audience. Ads don’t have to be one or the other, think of it more as a scale. Thinking Thinking approaches of advertisements allow consumers to use logic and reason to buy the product based on features or solving a problem. You can think of this advertisement as facts based if that helps. You should use a thinking approach if: You want to highlight direct information, features, benefits, or advantages. Your product is interpreted as a product used to solve a serious need, for example, migraine medication. It aligns with your brand voice  and target audience. Use the thinking approach if: You want to highlight features, benefits, or information Your product relates to a serious issue The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience An example of an advertisement that uses a CPM approach, or a thinking approach, is Apple’s commercial that introduces their new feature launch of the iPhone XS and iPhone XR. It’s clear that they are highlighting the specific features and benefits of their products with no fluff. Feeling According to a 2016 Nielson Report, ads that generated emotional response got a 23% lift in sales volume. Feeling approaches use emotion to capture consumer behavior. Whether it’s fun, fantasy, or fear, the HEM approach persuades consumers using emotion. You should use a feeling approach if: You can leverage some type of emotion (humor, fear, love, etc.) that will lead a consumer to buy your product. You want to make light of a situation. It aligns with your brand voice and target audience. Use the feeling approach if: You want to leverage some type of emotion You want to make light of a situation The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience In this commercial, Apple uses a feel-good approach, persuading people to share gifts. Although this ad doesn’t focus on a specific product or feature, they leverage their brand voice and give consumers a good feeling. With over 21 million views, it’s safe to say they got the message out there. Persuasion Techniques Using Emotion If you’ve decided to use the feeling approach for your advertisement, it’s important to choose the emotion that best appeals to your product, target audience, and brand. I’ve listed 4 of the basic emotions that people use in advertising. Humor Humor drives memorability.  If you’re looking to make people remember your product and your brand, this may be the best option for you. Making people laugh helps people remember your brand in a positive light. A company that slayed the humor game is Old Spice. Using humor in your advertisements makes people remember it more than any other emotion.Fear Using fear in an ad can be tricky, but if done right it can be very effective. This tactic uses fear as a persuasion technique by using your product to solve a problem or to change a behavior. Excitement Using excitement  in your advertising can be perfect if you have a feature launch or something exciting to share with your audience. Excitement causes your mind and body to react, which can make people more likely to act and make a purchasing decision. Sadness Making people sad is a great way to get their attention. I know how awful that sounds, but it’s true. Remember that sad puppy commercial  that Budweiser created back in 2014 with the puppies? It was sad in the beginning but made you feel good at the end, and was very memorable. 4 basic emotions to persuade Humor Fear Excitement Sadness Every emotion persuades consumers in a different way, so make sure that the emotion you choose is the best match for your product and brand, and ultimately helps you towards the goal of your advertisement (a.k.a. make people buy). Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/marketing-objectives/ Consumer Information Process Now that we covered the basics, it’s important to know how your audience is going to process the information that you’re throwing in their face, literally. There are 7 important steps that happen before your customer purchases. Ultimately, you have control over almost all of these steps. Exposure to Information This is the very first thing that happens when a viewer sees your ad. This step stems from brand awareness. If it’s someone's very first time seeing the ad, let alone your brand, they may not even notice it. That’s why it’s important to factor in repetition to make your audience more exposed to your advertisement. Selective attention Now that your consumer has been exposed to the information, it’s time to grab their attention (and never let go). This step is tricky because you have no control over your consumer and there is no guarantee that they will see your ad. What I mean is that just because you run a commercial, it doesn’t mean people are watching the tv, or just because you run a display ad, it doesn’t mean the consumer even looks at it. You have to make your target audience notice you with all the distractions going on in their everyday life. Using the Color Psychology  principles to attract viewers is one of the smartest ways to achieve their undivided attention. Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/color-psychology-marketing/ Comprehension This step is pretty important because if your consumer can’t comprehend what you’re selling, chances are they aren’t going to purchase. If you’re using the HEM approach, it’s important that you make sure that your underlying message is clear. Don’t let the message in your advertisement overshine your product. Agreement You’ve captured their attention, they understand what your selling, what’s next? Agreement. If you have a credible message that aligns with your target audience and their needs, this step should naturally happen. If you want more tips on creating effective articles, read this. Retention and Retrieval Think back to the last ad you saw that you actually stood out. Why did it stand out to you? This is your chance to make your ad stand out from the rest so when the consumer is ready to purchase, they think of you and not your competition. Check out what your competitors are doing and make sure that your advertisement is different than theirs (and better 😉). Decision Making At this step you’re so close, yet so far away. Your consumer realizes that your product may be right for them, but there are so many considerations in the decision making process. Adding a call to action could be the extra push that your consumer needs to buy your product. If the consumer decides to buy your product after seeing your advertisement, it doesn’t mean that they will follow through. Keep in mind that the product isn’t sold until that purchase is made. Action This final step was the goal all along, to make the consumer purchase your product. Give yourself a pat on the back because this means your advertisement worked. Through all the ads that consumers are exposed to and the different steps their brain takes before purchasing a product, they chose yours. How to Use Psychology in Advertising to Make People Buy 5,000. That’s the number of advertisements that the average consumer is exposed to every day. You are probably thinking†¦ â€Å"How the heck can I make people notice my advertisements?† Advertisers have long discovered that they can leverage psychology to find what attracts attention, leaves an impression, persuades, and leads to the act of purchase. That being said, you can use psychology to make sure that your advertising is actually working. Ok, that’s awesome. But how? If you want to learn how to make your advertisements actually work, by work I mean make people buy your product, keep on scrolling’.👇 On average, people are exposed to nearly 5,000 ads per day. #advertising.The Psychology of Advertising Chances are you specialize in marketing, not psychology, so this area may be a little†¦ fuzzy. So what is the Psychology of Advertising? Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Its no surprise that these two areas converge. Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Basic Types of Advertisements Nowadays, there are so many different types of advertisements. Whether you’re using traditional tactics or digital tactics, understanding the psychology behind your advertisements is important. Here are a few of the basic forms of advertisements: Traditional Commercials Newspaper Magazine Radio Direct mail Billboard Digital Social Google Ads Search Display Inbox Sponsored listings Whether you’re running a Google ad, or just put up a billboard, you’ll want to choose either the thinking or feeling approach for your advertisement. CPM vs. HEM There are two basic models that explain how people process information, the Consumer Processing Model and the Hedonic, Experiential Model. In other words, thinking and feeling models. Chances are you’ll lean towards one model, depending on your product and audience. Ads don’t have to be one or the other, think of it more as a scale. Thinking Thinking approaches of advertisements allow consumers to use logic and reason to buy the product based on features or solving a problem. You can think of this advertisement as facts based if that helps. You should use a thinking approach if: You want to highlight direct information, features, benefits, or advantages. Your product is interpreted as a product used to solve a serious need, for example, migraine medication. It aligns with your brand voice  and target audience. Use the thinking approach if: You want to highlight features, benefits, or information Your product relates to a serious issue The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/brand-voice-guidelines/ An example of an advertisement that uses a CPM approach, or a thinking approach, is Apple’s commercial that introduces their new feature launch of the iPhone XS and iPhone XR. It’s clear that they are highlighting the specific features and benefits of their products with no fluff. Feeling According to a 2016 Nielson Report, ads that generated emotional response got a 23% lift in sales volume. Feeling approaches use emotion to capture consumer behavior. Whether it’s fun, fantasy, or fear, the HEM approach persuades consumers using emotion. You should use a feeling approach if: You can leverage some type of emotion (humor, fear, love, etc.) that will lead a consumer to buy your product. You want to make light of a situation. It aligns with your brand voice and target audience. Use the feeling approach if: You want to leverage some type of emotion You want to make light of a situation The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience In this commercial, Apple uses a feel-good approach, persuading people to share gifts. Although this ad doesn’t focus on a specific product or feature, they leverage their brand voice and give consumers a good feeling. With over 21 million views, it’s safe to say they got the message out there. Persuasion Techniques Using Emotion If you’ve decided to use the feeling approach for your advertisement, it’s important to choose the emotion that best appeals to your product, target audience, and brand. I’ve listed 4 of the basic emotions that people use in advertising. Humor Humor drives memorability.  If you’re looking to make people remember your product and your brand, this may be the best option for you. Making people laugh helps people remember your brand in a positive light. A company that slayed the humor game is Old Spice. Using humor in your advertisements makes people remember it more than any other emotion.Fear Using fear in an ad can be tricky, but if done right it can be very effective. This tactic uses fear as a persuasion technique by using your product to solve a problem or to change a behavior. Excitement Using excitement  in your advertising can be perfect if you have a feature launch or something exciting to share with your audience. Excitement causes your mind and body to react, which can make people more likely to act and make a purchasing decision. Sadness Making people sad is a great way to get their attention. I know how awful that sounds, but it’s true. Remember that sad puppy commercial  that Budweiser created back in 2014 with the puppies? It was sad in the beginning but made you feel good at the end, and was very memorable. 4 basic emotions to persuade Humor Fear Excitement Sadness Every emotion persuades consumers in a different way, so make sure that the emotion you choose is the best match for your product and brand, and ultimately helps you towards the goal of your advertisement (a.k.a. make people buy). Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/marketing-objectives/ Consumer Information Process Now that we covered the basics, it’s important to know how your audience is going to process the information that you’re throwing in their face, literally. There are 7 important steps that happen before your customer purchases. Ultimately, you have control over almost all of these steps. Exposure to Information This is the very first thing that happens when a viewer sees your ad. This step stems from brand awareness. If it’s someone's very first time seeing the ad, let alone your brand, they may not even notice it. That’s why it’s important to factor in repetition to make your audience more exposed to your advertisement. Selective attention Now that your consumer has been exposed to the information, it’s time to grab their attention (and never let go). This step is tricky because you have no control over your consumer and there is no guarantee that they will see your ad. What I mean is that just because you run a commercial, it doesn’t mean people are watching the tv, or just because you run a display ad, it doesn’t mean the consumer even looks at it. You have to make your target audience notice you with all the distractions going on in their everyday life. Using the Color Psychology  principles to attract viewers is one of the smartest ways to achieve their undivided attention. Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/color-psychology-marketing/ Comprehension This step is pretty important because if your consumer can’t comprehend what you’re selling, chances are they aren’t going to purchase. If you’re using the HEM approach, it’s important that you make sure that your underlying message is clear. Don’t let the message in your advertisement overshine your product. Agreement You’ve captured their attention, they understand what your selling, what’s next? Agreement. If you have a credible message that aligns with your target audience and their needs, this step should naturally happen. If you want more tips on creating effective articles, read this. Retention and Retrieval Think back to the last ad you saw that you actually stood out. Why did it stand out to you? This is your chance to make your ad stand out from the rest so when the consumer is ready to purchase, they think of you and not your competition. Check out what your competitors are doing and make sure that your advertisement is different than theirs (and better 😉). Decision Making At this step you’re so close, yet so far away. Your consumer realizes that your product may be right for them, but there are so many considerations in the decision making process. Adding a call to action could be the extra push that your consumer needs to buy your product. If the consumer decides to buy your product after seeing your advertisement, it doesn’t mean that they will follow through. Keep in mind that the product isn’t sold until that purchase is made. Action This final step was the goal all along, to make the consumer purchase your product. Give yourself a pat on the back because this means your advertisement worked. Through all the ads that consumers are exposed to and the different steps their brain takes before purchasing a product, they chose yours.

UK Company Law Shareholders and Directors Essay

UK Company Law Shareholders and Directors - Essay Example If S has began to take less active part in the management of the company, she can be paid less than the agreed amount. However, this should be done according to the laid down procedure. In her present state, she is entitled to be paid the agreed amount of money that is 30,000 Pounds. Paying her 10,000 is unjustified because in order to effect this, the directors must pass a special resolution requiring that: - (1) In absence of any express words in the articles requiring that a director who takes a less active role in the company shall be entitled a salary three times less of his / her monthly, she is entitled for the whole pay of 30,000 pounds. (2) In absence of any special resolution, which is passed at a general meeting o a company by a majority of 75% of members present and entitled to vote, the directive of the directors to the payroll staff to pay S 10,000 pounds is unjustified. In this case S can challenge the decision of the directors in a court of law if they adamantly refuse to pay her 30,000 pounds, which she is entitled to be paid till the meeting is convened, and resolution passed to this effect. First of all, the proposal has to be approved by the directions who make-up the board. The board shall decide the date and time of the general meeting and secretary will be authorized to convene the meeting. The directors will also approve the draft of notice, special resolution and explanatory statement. Secondly, the special resolution should be passed in the general meeting held on the appointed date. Thirdly, within thirty days of the passing of the resolution the company has to file a certified copy of the resolution. After the approval, the company should file printed copies of the articles with the registrar of companies within one month of the date of the receipt of approval. The company Act provides that, subject to the provisions of the Act and to the conditions contained in this

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microeconomics - Essay Example 2. Explain the difference between a private good and a public good. Why has there been an increase in the number of public goods "produced" by governments? Public Goods are goods that are non-rival and non-excludable, quite the opposite of Private Goods (Experimental Economics Center). Public goods, being non-rival, means that the marginal utility used-up by one consumer does not limit the marginal utility that another consumer will use. Private goods, on the other hand, are rival goods, which mean that if there are a total of 10 pencils in the market and Consumer A utilizes 4 of those pencils, then the marginal utility enjoyed by Consumer B is decreased to only 6 pencils. Public goods are non-excludable; which basically means that one consumer does not block other consumers from using up the public good. This differs from private goods in that should consumers use up the supply of private goods, other consumers are excluded from enjoying the private good. In Economics, one of the ca uses of Market Failure is public good and the tendency of the consumers to free-ride.

Hiring and Firing Essay Example for Free

Hiring and Firing Essay This essay will identify and discuss the different recruitment and selection practices of organizations in the UK and these practices will be compared to the counterparts in the rest of European Countries. The essay will also comment on the pitfalls in the UK organizations which have led to tied hands of the managers in these corporations. The terminating practices in the organizations of UK will also be discussed and the pitfalls will be compared to the companies based in the European Countries. This is the reason why fewer students are choosing IT related fields in their graduate degrees as there are no jobs available for the locals in these companies. This is a pitfall that has been dug by these IT companies themselves as they will not receive any talent from the local market if there is a restriction of off-shoring in the future (MarketWatch 2006). Poor Recruitment Practice in UK A people assessment company, Talent Q that helps employers in managing and recruiting talent, has found many companies and managers to be taking poor decisions routinely when hiring employees. There are many bad consequences of this poor hiring practice as the fall in productivity is equal to GBP 2,400 per annum for each worker who finds himself misplaced in a job which he does not want to do or is not capable of performing. Effectively, the aggregate amount goes up to GBP 5million per annum for the economy of UK (M2PressWIRE 2007). According to an official survey of Talent Q, 24 percent of the employees who were recruited were not asked to give an aptitude test and another 44 percent of the personnel who were hired were not short-listed using any personality test. Based on 25 years of academic research across many companies of large scale, these findings were processed through a model which is universally accepted. This model demonstrates the cast iron effectiveness of the assessment. The true extent of the issues for the employers became clear when these results were combined with salary data from Office for National Statistics. The CEO of Talent Q commented that the organizations often fail to employ people on the basis of aptitude test and personality test. However, employing people on the basis of gut feeling is by far the worst employment technique known, whereas many studies have shown that when employers use assessment techniques to find out the personaliy and aptitude of a person, they get much better results (M2PressWIRE 2007). Word of Mouth Recruiting The applicants who apply through word-of-mouth are found to be more suitable than the recruits obtained by advertising and are more likely to stay longer in the job. However, it is not always the case that the best candidate for a job is selected through word-of-mouth applications. This practice for recruitment is being practiced in the UK at higher rates among the senior levels and is known as headhunting. The objective of these seniors is to fill the higher paying jobs with the people whom they know or are there relatives (HRM Guide Network 2007). Promise of Bonuses The promise of bonuses while recruiting the employees has been the worst pitfall of the recruitment practices in the UK. Mercer Consulting has found through research that the overall pay of CEOs in the UK from bonuses has grown from 13 percent to 19 percent in 2004 (Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2004). There has been a major effect on the earnings growth rates in the UK because of the large number of bonuses that were paid in the recent years (Freeman 2002). This practice of attracting talent through offering bonuses does not guarantee a motivated employee. This ensures only that decisions are made by the employees that get him the bonuses and these decisions may harm the company in the long-run. The companies in the UK are also using bonuses as a tool for employee retention and this practice is becoming quite common in the UK economy. However, the new plan to attract new talent and to lay off the existing employees is not in the hands of the managers at middle or lower level. The senior management is most of the companies makes such decisions (Nisar 2007). Off-shoring in the UK Many companies in the UK, especially those related to IT and innovation, are hiring skilled but relatively cheap labor from overseas. This hiring has been allowed by the government because of which work permits and visas have also been allotted to thousands of workers from abroad. Although these cost effective options cannot be ignored by the managers but they find their hands tied when they find cheap labor which can help the company reduce cost (MarketWatch 2006). The Responsibility of the Managers The managers and personal secretaries are getting increasingly responsible for the recruitment of unfilled vacancies. However, these managers cannot be so sure about hiring the right person or deciding a testing system for the vacancy. Where these managers are asked to cut costs, they are also asked to hire the best person. However, tests such as aptitude test, personality test, skill test or psychometric tests can be very expensive. This is in contradiction to cheap hiring and many managers find themselves in a position of hiring a person not fit for job because of fixed or limited budget allocated for hiring (Renshaw 2003). According to the head of a psychometric company, most of the employees are hired within the first five minutes of an interview which is done with the help of instincts. Although in these five minutes, the conversation does not go beyond smiles and introductions but many think that this is the best practice. Hiring through taking tests has been proved to be the best technique which many managers in the UK do not follow. Those employees who are hired without these tests, they are more likely to immerse the company in losses (Renshaw 2003). Lowering Hiring Requirements The companies with vacancies in the Europe mostly respond with lowering the hiring requirements so as to lower the cost associated with hiring. These chances although increase the chances of filling the vacancy but it also results in a match that resists or terminates when he is hit by a requirement that he cannot address to because of lower level of skills or experience. When searching costs are high, the European employers are more likely to hire under qualified employees for temporary positions. One of the consequences of hiring an under qualified person is high firing costs if the employee is able to get a permanent contract (Brencic 2009). Temporary Employment Practices in the Europe Many countries in Europe ban or restrict the use of temporary workers. However, there has been a growing acceptance for the temporary employment in the region. Many companies which do not want to rush in hiring and then make a wrong choice are hiring temporary employees. The UK, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Denmark are the countries among those which have temporary labor markets, but the countries like Greece, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, Germany and Portugal still have stringent policies over temporary hiring (Messmer 1994). Firing Practices in Europe The economies of Europe have been awfully trailing US and other developed countries because of forests of red tape, vast welfare, overregulation and restrictive hiring and firing practices. Firing Limitations in UK Due to the implementation of several equal employment opportunity acts and laws in the United Kingdom, the employers are restricted to fire or layoff employees. This literally throws a manager at his seat with his hands tied as he cannot fire any employee who is not performing. According to the laws, based on the personal status of the worker, an employer may not establish hiring or recruiting criteria. Employers are not allowed to retaliate against, lay-off or fire their employees citing reasons based on the personal status outlined in the federal legislation of anti-discrimination. The labor is protected with the act of penalties and recourse which says that if an employee is discriminated in the areas of firing and hiring, he may collect all the monetary damages that are done by the employer (Pearson 2010). Firing Practices in Germany In December 2000, the Vauxhall Motors Luton announced the closure of a facility with firing of approximately 2000 people. No details were announced publicly about the firing of employees and what benefits would they get. The employees being affected were not told about the decision that the management was about to take about the closure of a facility. The employees were not even told why the facility was closed or why were they being fired (Butler, Sweeney and Crundwell 2009). This shows that the firing practices in Germany are very different as compared to UK, where a company has very limited power to fire permanent employees. In Germany, however, the companies have power to lay-off the employees whenever they want without presenting any reason. Similarities of Firing Practices in UK and other European Countries In this time of economic downturn, when many large corporations are engaging in downsizing practices, the countries like UK, Italy, France and Germany are targeting the older employees for lay-offs. The reason behind is quite logical as the employees grow older, they become less productive and the company find more talented young people to replace them (Cattaneo et al.  2010). The organizations in most of the economies of Europe view older employees as more disposable and give little value to them (Barth et al. , 1993; Eastman, 1993; Loretto and White, 2006). Conclusion There are certain similarities in the UK and Europe companies when it comes to laying-off or recruitment of the employees. However, the differences are more as the UK companies are bound by laws and strict regulations for firing employees which literally ties the hands of the managers when it comes to firing and hiring of the employees.

Elements of Marketing New Zealand for Tourism :: Tourism Destination Marketing

Introduction The Bay of islands is one of the most beautiful parts of New Zealand and has 144 islands. It can also claim to be the birth place of New Zealand. The Bay Island with its warm climate and water based activities is a popular destination for New Zealand holiday makers and international tourist. The bay has many interesting historic towns including Pahia, Russell, Waitangi and Kari Keri. There is a broad range of accommodation in the bay of island, as well as attractions and activities, place to eat, and entrainment of all age. Tourists are more dependable on website to get the information and overview of destination. Therefore one of the website of bay of island is www.tourism.net.nz, which gives complete information. In this assignment, we will mainly discuss about marketing mix, customer wants, creating value for the customer, destination location and tangible experience from tourism marketing perspective. Marketing Mix 1) Product A service is something that cannot be touched. This means that it is harder to market, than a physical Product. Its quality cannot be perceived before it is used. This can complicate convincing a potential tourist to acquire the service and to choose one service offering over any other. Many of the services/products that Bay of Islands offers could easily be offered by other destinations in New Zealand or even abroad. What distinguishes Bay of Islands is that they were first to the market with this type of nature and culture-based tourism product in New Zealand. This is a simple rule of business and it applies greatly in the case of New Zealand. Bay of Islands has managed to carve out some sort of niche product for itself in the north of New Zealand. It is seen as the exemplar of the natural, adventure and heritage product that New Zealand has to offer. 2) Price A very important factor in the marketing mix is the price. Since a service is not physical, its value must be carefully thought out. The price is sometimes the first thing which tourists look at. Depending on the type of service, perceptions of value differ. The price can act as an indicator of quality. A low price may seem as an attempt to cheat the customer in some way. People expect quality to cost and are willing to pay a higher price for it. That is why the service provider must be aware of how much people would pay for his service and why.

Philosophy 201 Essay

Welcome to this introductory course in philosophy. For our first lesson, we are going to examine the question: What is philosophy? There are 4 ways you can get to know what a discipline is: define it, describe it, contrast and compare it with other disciplines, and finally experience it. In this first lesson, we will aim to accomplish the first 3 of these activities. The rest of the course will be an exercise in experiencing philosophy. Tasks View and take notes of the presentation, â€Å"Misconceptions about Philosophy†. Read and take notes from chapter 1 of Philosophy: Critically Thinking about Foundational Beliefs, â€Å"What is Philosophy? † As you read, make sure you understand the following points and questions: * List 4 reasons students often presuppose a low view of philosophy. * Know Socrates’ quote: What is the unexamined life? What did he mean when he said it wasn’t worth living? * Know the etymology of the word â€Å"philosophy. † * Know the working definition of â€Å"philosophy† and explain each of its elements. * List and explain each of the 6 characteristics under the description of philosophy. * Contrast and compare philosophy with religion, science, and art. How are they different and how are they similar? * Explain the value of experiential knowledge in distinction to propositional knowledge. Terms Make sure you fully understand the following terms and concepts: * The unexamined life * The rational animal * Normative claim * Wisdom * Philosophy * Critical examination * Clarification * Justification * Evaluation * Foundational beliefs| * Presupposition * First-order discipline * Second-order discipline * Ambiguous * Vague * Worldview * Scientism * Propositional knowledge * Experiential knowledge| †¢List 4 reasons students often presuppose a low view of philosophy. 1. It’s the image that one has to be super-intelligent to do philosophy. 2. As a discipline, most students study it late in their academic development, most take their first philosophy class in college. 3. Most people don’t think it is very practical. 4. The main reason is that student simply don’t know what it is or how is can benefit them. †¢Know Socrates’ quote: â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living. † What is the unexamined life? The unexamined life is to go through the motions of life without making the effort to reflect and think about what life is about. What did he mean when he said it wasn’t worth living? When Socrates claims that the unexamined life is not worth living, he is saying that the unexamined life is a sub-human life-it is the life of a lower animal, like a dog or cow. †¢Know the etymology of the word â€Å"philosophy. † †¢Know the working definition of â€Å"philosophy† and explain each of its elements. †¢List and explain each of the 6 characteristics under the description of philosophy. †¢Contrast and compare philosophy with religion, science, and art. How are they different and how are they similar? †¢Explain the value of experiential knowledge in distinction to propositional knowledge. Terms Make sure you fully understand the following terms and concepts: †¢The unexamined life- life as an a animal such as a dog or a cow. †¢The rational animal- unlike other in the animal kingdom, man has the ability to reason and reflect about himself and the world around him. (the cognitive abilities) †¢Normative claim- makes a claim about some action, persons ought to do. (don’t lie and help our fellow man) †¢Wisdom- is knowledge applied in a way that benefits your life. †¢Philosophy- is examining life; is the love of wisdom; is actually the combination of two terms in Greeks: Phileo- is a Greek term for love, meant to express great affection for something and Sophos – is the word for â€Å"wisdom† †¢Critical examination- analysis of what is read or heard rather than taken at face value. †¢Clarification-the meaning of what was said. †¢Justification-what validate the true of this statement or observation. †¢Evaluation- the significance of what one wants clarity on. †¢Foundational beliefs- those that are central and fundamental to one’s overall worldview and yet are often not thought about. †¢Presupposition- are beliefs one usually doesn’t think about or try to prove. †¢First-order discipline †¢Second-order discipline †¢Ambiguous †¢Vague †¢Worldview †¢Scientism †¢Propositional knowledge †¢Experiential knowledge.

Eating Disorders: Disease or Choice

This desire for perfection is one of the main causes of eating disorders for both men and women around the world. While there are many different organizations and reatment establishments, the aid required in overcoming an eating disorder is very expensive. Many insurance companies deny coverage for the treatment of eating disorders because they view it as a choice, because the treatment is too costly, as well as the uncertainty of the treatment for each individual patient.The standards for qualifying as having an eating disorder are very high; it is very difficult to qualify for covered treatment. The government needs to rectify this by providing more health coverage for people with eating disorders, because with the growing impact of the edia, the death rate from eating disorders will only increase. The worldwide role model for generations of women, Barbie, does not fall short of perfection. Although, what many girls do not know, are the horrors of what a real, life-size Barbie woul d be like. Dr.Margo Maine, in her book, Body Wars, reveals the truth behind a human Barbie: â€Å"If Barbie were an actual woman, she would be 5'9†³ tall, have a 39†³ bust, an 18†³ waist, 33†³ hips and a size 3 shoe† (â€Å"Barbies† 1). While these characteristics might sound appealing to some women, this â€Å"perfect† frame would cause a woman many roblems (â€Å"Barbies 1). With these proportions, Barbie would not likely menstruate and would need to walk on all fours as if she were a household pet (â€Å"Barbies 1). The doll's head, hands and feet are also not to scale (â€Å"Barbies† 1).Seeing someone, such as Barbie as perfection is a true example of a distorted body image. The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine refers to body image as â€Å"a person's mental opinion or description of his or her own physical appearance† (Davidson 690). A falsified body image, the fear of becoming overweight, the refusal to eat foods, and/or bi nge eating ollowed by purging through vomiting, heavy exercise or the use of laxatives are all symptoms that characterize the worldwide epidemic of eating disorders (Prescott 104).Although eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness, only 1 in 20 people with eating disorders receive treatment (Kulkarni 1). The lack of federal and state laws encourages the low incidence of treatment (Kulkarni 1). The Federal Mental Health Parity Law only requires health insurance plans (that already offer mental health coverage) to provide the same level of benefits for mental llnesses as for other physical illnesses and diseases (Kulkarni 1). This law does not accept that these insurance plans must provide mental health coverage (Kulkarni 1).The law also allows states to determine which mental illnesses they will provide coverage for (Kulkarni 1). While some states, such as Arkansas, have laws providing coverage for all mental illnesses, some states limit the coverage to à ¢â‚¬Å"serious mental illnesses† or a specific list of â€Å"biologically based† mental illnesses, such as Iowa (Kulkarni 1). These categories have been used by states and insurance companies to estrict or exclude individuals, including those suffering from eating disorders, from receiving life-saving treatment (Kulkarni 1).

Maya Angelou I know why the caged bird sings essays

Maya Angelou I know why the caged bird sings essays In this coming of age autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angleou goes from a young, awkward girl to a confident independent mother at the age of 16. Maya wrote this book in the early 1970s when women autobiographies were informing readers of the importance of all women in America, including African American women. Maya was living at a time when racism and segregation were at its highest. In her story, she writes about her life while describing the battles of being a young, black, and an independent female. These factors are already hard enough just being when society is being ruled by beauty and white standards, but she deals with going through even more tough battles. One of the most difficult battles of Maya was she was sexually molested and raped by her mothers boyfriend at the young age of eight. She also endured instability while moving back and forth from state to state repeatedly with her older brother throughout her younger years. But remarkably, she learns and grows from her life experiences and becomes an intelligent employed young woman, as the books theme explores her coming of age. At the beginning of the book, Maya shares with her readers her first learning experience, which foreshadows the problems she will face, when she cannot recite a poem out loud in her all black local church. She states that her fear is of people, even of her own color, mocking and laughing at her. While attempting to read her poem, she begins to get nervous, stutters, and then runs out of the church as she starts using the bathroom in her pant but is laughing at herself, which foreshadows her later ending success. In this book, Maya Angelou has grown as a young girl to a young adult all very fast. She showed her mistakes and showed her accomplishments. She came out in the end as stronger woman showing good can come out of a bad. Maya Angelou has written her autobiography not only because her fellow friends an...

Commercial Drivers License Guide California, Oregon, and Washington

Commercial Drivers License Guide California, Oregon, and Washington If you live in California, Oregon, or Washington, learn the guideline for getting your Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) below. If you want to learn on how to obtain one at other states, we have also put together a guide on how to get a CDL at all states. CaliforniaTo apply for a commercial permitVisit a DMV office.Complete a California Commercial Driver License Application form DL 44C.Complete a 10 Year History Record Check form (DL 939) if you have been issued a driver license in the same or different name to operate any type of motor vehicle in another state or other jurisdiction within the previous 10 years.Give a thumbprint and have your picture taken.Provide verification of your Social Security Number and verify your birth date and legal presence (you may use your California driver license).Pay the application fee for a 5-year license.Pass a vision exam.Submit a completed Medical Examination Report form DL 51. The  DMV will only accept a Medical Examination Report form DL 51 with a revision date of 1/2014 or later.Pass the traffic laws and sign tests for the class of vehicle you will drive. You have three chances to pass the test.Note:  The DMV will not be administer written or audio exams after 4:30 p.m.Once you are  issued a permit, you may  only drive with someone  who has a valid California driver license in your same  class of license, who is the correct  age required for that class of license.To apply for your  CDLCall a DMV CDL office and make an appointment for a driving test (Commercial driving test appointments cannot be made online).Bring the type of vehicle for the class you want to drive.Pass a pre-trip inspection (You have three chances to pass the pre-trip).Pass a skills and driving test (You have three chances to pass the skills and driving test).ORSubmit to DMV a Certificate of Driving Skill (DL 170) if your employer is authorized by DMV to issue such certificates, signed by both you and your employer.OregonIntrasta te or Excepted Interstate RequirementsMeet the qualifications for or have a Regular Driver License (non-commercial Class C).Be at least 18 years of age, present proof of your full legal name, and present proof you are a U.S. citizen or permanent lawful resident.Provide your Social Security Number.Present proof of your residence address.Pass the CDL General Knowledge Test.Determine the appropriate CDL Class (Class A, B or C), and pass any additional CDL Knowledge Tests and/or meet any additional requirements for that specific class.Complete the Commercial Driver License Application (Form 735-175), and indicate that you have at least one year driving experience in at least a non-commercial Class C vehicle.Complete requirements for any CDL endorsements needed.Pass a vision screening and submit a copy of a valid medical examiner’s certificate and, when required, a medical waiver or exemption that proves you meet minimum Oregon medical standards for holding a CDL.Pass CDL Skills T ests.Pay the applicable testing and issuance fees (see note on payment of test fees).Not be suspended or otherwise disqualified from holding a CDL in Oregon or any other state.Certify your intent to operate a vehicle in intrastate commerce or excepted interstate commerce.Have your photograph taken.Non-Excepted Interstate RequirementsIn addition to the above requirements, you must:Be at least 21 years old.Submit a copy of a valid medical examiner’s certificate and, when required, a medical waiver or exemption that proves you meet minimum federal medical standards for holding a CDL.Certify that you meet or will meet all other federal requirements for operation of a CMV in non-excepted interstate commerce.Certify your intent and/or qualification to operate a vehicle in non-excepted interstate commerce.Washington StateYou must obtain a training certificate before you are allowed to get a CDL. Schools offering certificates must be approved.Class A CDLMinimum training required- 160 total hours, including at least:40 hours – classroom instruction18 hours – street driving training16 hours – training in backing maneuvers16 hours – proficiency development70 hours – combined lab and range training, observationClass B CDLMinimum training required- 48  total hours, including at least:20 hours – classroom instruction14 hours – street driving training4 hours – training in backing maneuvers4 hours – proficiency development6 hours – combined lab and range training, and observationClass C CDLMinimum training required- 36  total hours, including at least:20 hours – classroom instruction8 hours – street driving training2 hours – training in backing maneuvers2 hours – proficiency development4 hours – combined lab and range training, and observationAfter your training is complete you’ll receive your certificate.Note: Certificates are not required for CDL upgrad es. They are only required for a  first CDL or if you are obtaining a CDL for the second time.Good luck!

International Business of McDonald Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business of McDonald - Essay Example It is referred as the industrial business transactions which take place collectively among two or more nations, areas or regions. These transactions are performed in order to augment the profit margin of an organisation along with its brand equity across the globe (Eebizguides, n.d.). Notably, in recent years the scope of international business in United Arab Emirates (UAE) augmented due to low trade barriers and huge amount of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs). In addition, UAE also offers the opportunity of free trade zones with modern infrastructure and sovereignty from foreign exchange controls. The economy of UAE also offers an easy entrance to consumer markets connecting ‘13 free trade zones’ in the present scenario (Eebizguides, n.d.). The objective of the assignment is to analyse the importance of international business and the scope of foreign investment in UAE with the motive to assist an Australian renowned fashion company, Peter Alexander to expand its busine ss operations in UAE. With this intention, the discussion of this paper will evaluate the suggestion of considering joint ventures as a mode of strategic alliance with the local companies of UAE for Peter Alexander’s penetration to the market. 2.0. Project Description and Progress Peter Alexander is a renowned Australian fashion designer, mainly known as the leader in the segment of stylish sleepwear, nightwear and gifts. It includes varied types of stylish and trendy clothes for men, women and kids. In the year 2004, the foremost stand-alone store for Peter Alexander’s products was established in the city of Melbourne, Australia with his name (Peteralexander, n.d.). The objective of this project is to propose the organisation, i.e. Peter Alexander to expand in the UAE highlighting the opportunities in the UAE fashion industry. In order to enhance the portfolio of the brand along with its distinctiveness from a global perspective, Peter Alexander can be suggested with noteworthy strategies with due consideration to joint venture initiatives to attempt towards expanding its business operations in the markets of UAE. Hence, it might also facilitate Peter Alexander to amplify the brand value and total turnover of the organisation. It might also enhance the reputation of Peter Alexander, which is extremely essential to sustain in the long run. With this concern, the progress of this particular project will be considering the virtues of joint ventures to assist in the expansion planning of the company. Stage 2 3.0. Business Matching and Networking Owing to the virtues of globalisation, the intensity of fashion events enhanced quite rapidly acting as the backbone of the emerging markets of Middle Eastern region providing a considerable contribution over the GDP of these economies. Moreover, the exclusivity of fashionable hubs also developed by a large extent due to presentation of varied shows by the leading fashion houses within the market of Dubai (S cribd, n.d.). Thus, it is advised to the management of Peter Alexander, to visit the markets of Abu Dhabi and Dubai in order to recognise its underlining opportunities and strengths by conducting a market research to evaluate the internal as well as external risks

Case study Neo Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Neo Pets - Case Study Example How do you think Neopets can prevent its concept from becoming a fad? Most of the children’s products will last only for a short period in the particular market, thereafter they will be out of the market or in other words, they will become the fad. That is it will be a temporary trend to use a particular product. There are some children’s products like Ninja turtles and Hula Hoops which did not run for a long period. In this era, there is an increase in the number of people who are interested in playing games, particular males in the age group of around 20. So the company should consider the adults also while designing the games so that it can be there in the market for a long period. Though Neopets was started as an online gaming solution, later it started its offline operation also. (Chapter 16, Marketing globally). The company is having a business strategy, which can be changed as and when required and ensures that its products are not becoming the fad. And also the customers or the users should not get bored with the product. If so the product will soon become the fad. â€Å"A lot of goods do not become the fad because they maintain their usefulness for longer periods of time, and people tend not to become bored with them.† (Bergman, (n.d). It is a commonly known business fact that, the mouth-to-mouth advertisement by the satisfied customers is the best and inexpensive advertisement. Even then, the organization can test other methods of advertising. Advertising on the internet will have more response. The internet usage among the adults has increased, so the company can give advertisement about their products on the internet rather than in television. The company can also place advertisements in front of the primary and secondary schools. That will attract the students to Neopets. And also, it can conduct marketing campaigns exclusively targeting the children.  

Marketing Debate 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Debate 2 - Essay Example Their focus is to attract cost conscious shoppers, and thus they compete on price. On the other end of the spectrum there are high end stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue and Bloomingdales whose business model is not to compete on price, but rather to sell high quality, designer merchandise that focuses on the image of the consumer. Designer labels such as Ralph Lauren and Pierre Cardin are likely to be found in these stores that are associated with a higher price point and oriented toward image-based shopping. To be sure, it would generally not be possible to find these kinds of labels in discount store chains because they are priced at a point that would not be attractive to the category of shoppers that find discount retailers appealing. It would have an impact on the image of those labels if they were to associate with a store that utilizes a price-based business model as opposed to an image based model. Brand image is a crucial business asset. Any decisions made by a manufacturer that affect that image for better or worse must be carefully considered in order to avoid squandering a competitive advantage and associated profits that are tied to the brand. â€Å"A strong brand image offers an organization several important strategic advantages. A brand distinguishes the goods and services of one seller from those of competitors. A powerful brand identity creates a major competitive advantage; a well recognized brand encourages repeat purchases. Thus, a brand acts as a signal to consumers regarding the source of the product and protects customers and manufacturers from ‘me-too’ products that may appear identical† (Porter and Claycomb, par. 6). The question of whether a store’s image affects a brand’s image works in reverse as well. The brands a store chooses to carry go a long way toward impacting the image of that store. As

Development of the Boeing-797

Development of the Boeing-797 Boeing-797 1.0 Introduction: Boeing is the worlds largest manufacturer of commercial airplanes and military aircraft and worlds leading aerospace company. Boeing operates the space shuttle and international space station for his major client National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Customers of Boeing spread around the world more than in 90 countries. Its head quarter is in Chicago, it employs more than 157000 employees across the United States and in 70 countries. Boeing has made a commercial plane like 767, 777, and his recent successful plane 787 which create history in getting the maximum orders from the customer. Since the late 1990s, the rivalry between The Boeing Company (Boeing) and the European consortium Airbus Industries (Airbus) has been intense. Recently Airbus mounted a direct challenge to Boeings dominance in the large aircraft category (the Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet) with the development of the Airbus A380, unveiled in January 2005. Boeing has only one competitive model in the form of the 787 when compared to Airbus A 380.But after 10-12 years again the need of new plane will emerge which will compete with the rivalrys modern Aircrafts. So for the future perspective Boeing has planned to go for a plane which will start a new era of Aircrafts with its latest blended wing technology, body of composite fiber material and 1000 passengers capacity and create a bench line in the aviation industry for the next generation future aircraft. The Boeing-797 is the double Decker plane which will help the Boeing to make their position much stronger in the aviation industry and capture the largest mar ket share for Boeing. 2.0 Project Roles and Responsibilities: Ø Stakeholders: Stakeholders are those persons who directly-indirectly influence the design of the project. They will provide project requirements and after completions they are the one who will reap the benefits of the project. Primary Stakeholders: Airlines around the world Secondary Stakeholders: Passengers, Crew of Airplane, Employees of Boeing, Government, and NASA (for its blended wing technology). Ø Contractors and Suppliers: Supplier: The organization which supplies parts or services to another organization known as supplier Contractor: People who provide his/her services to another entity according to the term and conditions prescribed in the contract. He/She is not a permanent employee of the organization and doesnt work regularly for the company. This project would require more than 100 contractors including major contractors and sub contractors. For detailed List of suppliers and contractors please see appendix no.2 Some Major Sub contractors: Rolls-Royce or GE aircraft engines which was hired to develop engines for the plane. Green Hills Software of Santa Barbara to write the operating system for the on-board flight-control computers. Astronautics Corp. of America to built instrumentation system. LMI AEROSPACE St. Charles, Mo. LMI supplies sheet-metal parts used on the wings, fuselage, and interior. KREISLER INDUSTRIAL Elmwood Park, N.J. to make fuel lines WESTERN FILTER GROUP Valencia, Calif supplies filtration equipment for the hydraulic-control lines. Honeywell for Navigation Package, Health Management System, and Flight control electronics. Kawasaki Heavy Industries for Main Landing Gear Wheel well. Liebherr Aerospace Toulouse for Environmental Control Systems Kaiser Electro precision (Rockwell Collins) for the pilot controls (i.e. wheel, column) Mitsubishi Heavy Industries a Japanese company for the wings manufacturing Ø Project Team: The project team is the combination of resources like analyst, designer, engineers etc. They can be part time or full time resources. Responsibility: Understand the allocated task Complete the allocated task within assigned budget, time and quality. Ø Project Manager The Project manager is the person who is responsible for the management of the project on the day-to-day basis. He/She ensures that resources are effectively allocated to the tasks through out the life cycle of project. He/she has to manage and monitor the progress of the project against the baseline of the project. According to the PMBOK, the project manager has four major areas of responsibilities: Identify the need for the project Establish achievable objectives Maintain the balance between Scope, Time and Cost. Understand and satisfy the persons involved in a project Ø Designer: Designer understands the business need and designs a solution which will meet the business need. His responsibility is to design model and framework with the help of required technology to achieve the optimum solution of the business need to the client. Customer: People who actually use the deliverable of the project. They help to define the business requirements. 3.0 Communication Plan: A communication plan is a document that defines: Information of what tasks need to finish. The ways in which those task can be finished. To whom the associated information will be addressed. Please see communication plan for Boeing-797 project in appendix no.5 4.0 Project Schedule: Project schedule shows the timing allocate to the work packages in the WBS and it shows the position and timing of milestones and specific events of the project (Lock, 2007) Schedule: Initiation phase 1.5 years Planning Phase 2.5 years Execution Phase 3 years Closeout Phase 1 year Total duration of the project 8 Years Milestones: Milestone is a schedule event which shows the completion of major activity in the project. There are seven major milestones establishes during the scheduling of execution phase: Ø Milestone 1: Concept Approval. Ø Milestone 2: Distribution of work packages. Ø Milestone 3: Completion of Major Assembly Ø Milestone 4: Completion of Power-On stage of aircraft. Ø Milestone 5: Completion of Wing-break test. Ø Milestone 6: Completion of Gauntlet test. Ø Milestone 7: Market Launch of Aircraft. Resource Loading: Resource loading is the process to assign a task to each employee of the working on the project by project manager. For the definition of the Power-On stage, Wing Break test, Gauntlet Test please refers Appendix no. 11 and for the dependencies of activities, resource loading please refers the Gantt chart of Boeing-797 in Appendix no. 4 5.0 Budget: Budget estimation is very important measure to control the cost through out the project life cycle against the estimated cost of the project (Turner, 1999). The estimated budget for the project is 8 billion pound. Approximate 50% of the total budget around  £4 billion is allocated for the research and development of the project. The estimated budget for the Planning and Execution phase is  £2.8 billion  £1 billion respectively. And estimated budget for the closeout phase is  £.2 billon. For the allocation of the budget during execution phase please refer Appendix no.8 6.0 Issues and Challenges at each phase of the project: Issues Challenges in Initiation Phase: Concept Approval: The concept approval is a big challenge for this kind of aircraft. It involves lots of research and development and so many changes in design until the concept get approval. Financial Aid: As this project involves lots of research and development it will need a continuous flow of money for the smooth and uninterrupted completion of this phase. Copyright issues: During RD stage due to the use of highly advanced technology there is chances of copyright issues of technology imposes by another competitor organization. Issues Challenges in Planning Phase: Resource Allocation: This is one of the major tasks involved in planning stage. Allocation of resources to the task need to be very accurate and prices because project cost and speed is depend on the efficiency of the resources used in the project. Efficient Project plan: Development of an effective project plan is a major challenge for the project manager. This is the document on which project success depend. The bad project plan can cause an overrun of the project schedule and cost. Issues Challenges in Execution phase: Supply Chain: Managing a supply chain is a major challenge of this project because delay in one sub assembly or important component from supplier could cause a delay of whole project. Major Assembly: completion of major assembly on time for the first prototype is challenge. Issues Challenges in Close out phase: Market Launch: Market launch of prototype on schedule is major challenge for an organization. As the orders of the product would have already received and the customer is waiting for the product the delay in launch of product could cause a cancellation of orders and damage to the image of the organization. Decommission: Successful decommission of such a big project is a challenge for project manager because decommission of project is very important task of this phase as it involves creation of important documents like closeout reports. These reports will help in same kind of future projects for referencing. If source of referencing is not correct or accurate then it may affect the future projects. 7.0 Project Environmental Appraisal: It is the systematic and comprehensive method to review the project in terms of environment, technical, social, and economic aspect to find out whether project will meet its objectives or not. SWOT Analysis: The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is the analysis of factors that will the impact the effectiveness of the organization. Ø Strengths: Highly skilled trained engineers: Boeing has highly skilled and trained engineers to work on this project. The certified and highly experienced engineers and scientist are the strength of Boeing. Strong and efficient RD teams have been delivered many big and complicated projects in the past. Employees are enthusiastic about this project: The enthusiasm of employees toward this project is big strength of this project. This project provides a platform to the engineers and scientist to learn the new technologies. Specialized Crew Training: Boeing has the highly advanced training rooms and highly skilled trainers to train the teams of this project with the latest tool and technologies. A comparatively large scale use of composites material: The uses of composite materials make this plane lighter in weight, and help in less fuel consumption. Boeing has already used composite material in its recent aircraft so they have experience of using the composite material. Advanced Design and technologies: The expertise of Boeing in latest technology like fly by wire technology and blended wing technology ensure the success of the project. Boeing has already used fly by wire technology in its recent plane 787 successfully. This plane unique design accommodates 1000passengers without much increase in shape as compared to Airbus A380. Up front involvement with airlines and engineering: This project needs strong relations with the stakeholders and customers, which Boeing already has. The Boeing understands the requirements of each airline very well and regular communication with the airlines regarding their requirements help Boeing to plan their future planes. The regular updating in engineering field is one of the strength of Boeing which helps this project to become successful. Foundation for the future aircraft designed for long journeys: With the help of this plane the Boeing will start a new era of planes in the aviation field. The designed of this plane used as a milestone for the next generation future aircrafts which travel the long journey with the less fuel consumptions at higher speed. Ø Weakness: †¢ Big capital expenditures on manufacturing facilities and Training: To train the employees on specific high end technologies for this project requires a high class infrastructure training rooms. Also require a expensive tools and machinery help in manufacturing the plane. †¢ If the 797 failed, Boeing may have difficulty in obtaining money for future aircraft development: This project involves a large amount of money and the failure of this project could cause a big financial damage to the Boeing. In future project stakeholders might not get ready to invest on this kind of big projects. †¢ Extensive outsourcing strategy led to major delays: The use of innovative supply chain strategy of â€Å"buying more, make less† increase a dependency on the suppliers. The delay of major sub assembly could lead to a delay in major assembly. These delays affect the planned schedule and could incur an extra cost. †¢ RD prices are high: The RD cost of this project is very high. Approximate 65%-70% of the total project cost is going to use in RD phase. The research and development of new technologies and materials for this plane require large amount of time and money. †¢ Matching with defined Timescale, deadlines and pressure: Delays in supply chain or any other department can cause a delay in production of plane which increases the pressure of completing the project within the specified timescale. Ø Opportunities: †¢ Projecting the airline and passengers needs: This project is the opportunity to project the airline and passengers need and filling the holes of requirement in market not met by existing planes. This project attracts the customer due to its capability of meeting the requirements or needs of the user. †¢ Acquiring a long range market: By launch of this plane Boeing will able to acquire the aviation market for a long time as there is no another plane in the market which can compete with Boeings 797 plane. †¢ Market poised for growth: This project boost the market growth by strengthens the place of Boeing in market. †¢ Fulfill the need of change in aircraft market and get large market shares to Boeing: From a long time the need of change in aircrafts is emerging, this plane not only showing changes in its shape also in its design too. The changes can be seen in the use of technology and process used in the manufacturing of the plane. All these changes results into a unique plane which fulfill the need of customer and as there is no such kind of plane is available in the market it helps the boeing to get market shares. †¢ Global influences: Influence the world with the capability of Boeing in aircraft manufacturing. This project provides a platform where Boeing has an opportunity to show his capability to build such a unique plane with the use of high end technology. Ø Threat: Reaction of passengers of plane: Not sure how passengers would react on a plane which looks completely differently what they used to travel. It may time to adjust them with this design and understand the benefit of this design. Restriction of use at old airports: This plane face a problem of parking due to small size aircraft stands at old airports. Due to its size and requirement of modern tool and techniques for maintenance and repair this plane face problem at the old airports. Legal threat: The Legal threat from the competitors over technology or information issues is very common in such kind of big project. As sometime competitors try to slow down the speed of project or stop the project so that they can make they ready for the competition and speed up and modified their projects to compete with Boeing plane. Changes of Government policies: The changes in regulation and policies imposed by government like new environmental act, noise standards etc could lead to a delay or stop the project. Sometime change in policies and regulation also cause the change in design of the plane which incur the extra cost and time to the project. Lose of Key Staff to the competitive organization: There is a risk of lose of key staff working on the project to the competitive organization. This may slow down the project speed and progress, risk of leakage of sensitive and important information to the competitors. 8.0 Investment Appraisal for Boeing-797 NPV of this project is positive and IRR of this project is more than the standard Rate of interest or Weighted Average Capital Cost (WACC) of company. Suggestion: As the value of calculated IRR is more than the standard Rate of interest, NPV is positive and early returns of the investment shows that project is favorable and organization must take for a organizations future growth and benefit. 9.0 Procurement Plan: Procurement Plan is the document which provides information regarding the purchasing of goods and services, criteria to choose the supplier, type of contract, procedure to manage the suppliers. The Boeing procurement plan governs the purchase of the material in right quantity of right quality at right time and at right price from the right sources. All procurement actions follow the all applicable laws, regulations and contractual obligations. All suppliers and their representatives are treated fairly and impartially. For faster and effective procurement Boeing used an e-procurement technique known as Exostar. This website provides a platform for Boeing to share the information, the technology and help to maintain an effective communication with contractors and suppliers. Exostar is a online aerospace and defense trading exchange and its co-founded by Boeing with other aerospace and defense equipments leading manufacturers like BAE Systems, Lockheed Martin Corp., Raytheon Co. and Rolls Royce. Following are the important procurement steps followed by Boeing during different phase of the project life cycle: I) Initiation Phase: Requirement Step Requirement Step: In this step Boeing conducts a â€Å"make vs. buy† analysis, if company decides product (equipment, services, project resources, etc.) will be purchased, then company go to the Requisition Step. Company creates a statement of work, define the product specifications (e.g. design, performance, functional), and identifies major project milestones. II) Planning Phase: Solicitation Step Solicitation Step: This step includes receipt of proposals, negotiation with vendors, evaluation of the proposals and award of contract. III) Execution Phase: Contract Administration Contract Administration: In this step company manages the contract by working closely with vendors and by regular reviews to ensure that terms, conditions and requirement of the contract are met. IV) Closeout Phase: Closeout Closeout: In this step company receive the product and verify it with the contract requirements, if it is met the requirements then accept the product or service. And company makes final payment after ensuring that there are not any outstanding invoices. 10.0 Contract Strategy: The contract strategy determines the level of integration and complexity of design, construction and ongoing maintenance of the project, and it should support the prime objectives of the project in terms of risk allocation, delivery, incentives etc. There are a number of different contract strategies, but each company has its own specified contract strategies for the specific projects because one contract and its strategy will not be able to meet with the requirement of each project. The Boeing contract strategy emphasizes on the importance of competitive bidding as they believe its a very effective business practice. Before awarding a contract they consider the ability, capability, financial status, integrity, reliability, geographical conditions and performance, quality of product offered, delivery and overall relations with the customers of the potential supplier. 11.0 Administration of Contract: The purpose of the contract administration is to ensure that supplier/contractor delivering the product or services met with the requirement of contract. There are some important steps of contract administration: Interpret the specifications. Ensure the quality of the product or service. Manage the Administrative, Budget changes and contract modification if needed. Resolve the contract disputes. Terminate the contract if supplier or contractor failed to met the requirement of the contract. Manage the risk associated with the contract. The Boeing Company administers the contract with the help of different kind of forms, which contains all the conditions and regulations help to administer the contract successfully. For e.g.: To administer the purchase contract the Boeing has a Form D1 4305 1500 (Rev. 2/96). This form consist 46 terms and condition to review and administer the purchase contract. For further information of this form please refer Appendix no. 10 II) Boeings Contract Administration Form 12.0 Supply Chain Strategy Issues: Supply chain is the entire network of different entities like organization, resources, People etc to supply the end product to the final customer. Strategy: Design and Efficiency are not the only things about this new aircraft this project contains a production supply chain strategies which make it possible for Boeing to complete this aircraft in a record time. This kind of projects requires a very effective and efficient supply chain because the slightest delay at any point in supply chain can paralyze the production of the aircraft. For Boeing this new aircraft means the revamped supply chain. Traditionally Boeing used a strategy in which it is a main manufacturer and contracting with the thousand of suppliers for individual parts and systems later when parts and supplier reached to Boeing they labouredly assemble them into finished product. But for the 787 project they had used new supply chain strategies which includes major suppliers will design build the entire sections of the aircraft and later shipped them to the Boeing for the final assembly and testing i.e. â€Å"Making less, buying more†. In this way major portion of the aircraft will actually be built by Boeings global partners. To speed up the assembly Boeing need to achieve a whole new level of collaboration with key suppliers around the word. For effective Supply chain process Boeing used a internet trading exchange tool known as Exostar. All the suppliers need to register on the Exostar and direct procurement of design and part can be done on Exostar. Exostar is an e-tool which ensures that all the partners and suppliers of the project were in close communication about every aspect of Production, logistics, and design. For effective supply chain process the visibility of updated and latest data from Boeing to the required suppliers is very important. It helps suppliers to ensure that they are adhered to the production plan. On the Exostar the supplier can view the information regarding the engineering changes, production delays, part orders and the like. Whenever there is a specific major changes in the process or design suppliers came to know about it and do the changes within specified time without incurring extra cost to the project. With the help of Exostar the Boeing can have a better control of the whole supply chain. Exostar allows a Boeing to control and limit the flow of information to the tier1 or tier 2 suppliers. The Exostar work as an â€Å"Early warning system† it warns any disruption and error in a supply chain so that Boeing knows about the potential problem in advance to head off the impacts of those problems further along the chain. E.g.: If the supplier delivered an invoice through the Exostar with wrong unit price then Exostar identify the discrepancy between invoice and purchase order and send it back to the supplier. Issues and Challenges: The supply of the major sub assemblies from the different suppliers for the major assembly of the aircraft need to arrive on time and in precise order so that plane can roll out the assembly line on the schedule. Major risk involved in the supply chain is Schedule risk. The issues like delay in one major subassembly could cause delay in the production of the aircraft and increase and change in defined schedule. Some of the major issues are as follows: Design changes of the aircraft leads to the supply chain delays. Limited engineering resources inside the Boeing. Improper communication leads ambiguity between supplier and client. It could cause delay in supply of sub assemblies or parts. Some of the major challenges are as follows: Synchronizing thousand of suppliers and deliveries to build an aircraft. Assuring safe and on time deliveries of the sub assemblies from the supplier. Benefit of this strategy: Strategy focuses on making less buying more, driving the supply-chain complexity and supplier dependency. But with this strategy Boeing set out to do something revolutionary by tapping suppliers not only for parts, components and material but also innovation. And this helps Boeing to set out the new platform to market as soon as possible. It also help to reduced the business risk by reducing its dependence on its own operations like organized the labor in the production process. Some other benefits of this strategy are as follows: Control on spending the money. Performance Incentives and Delivery reliability. Focus on partnerships- Best practices, data exchange etc. Early problem detection, to implement control measure in advance. 13.0 Type of Contract: Boeing used a FFP (Firm Fixed Price) contract and they have their own specified designed contract forms based on FFP contract type. A firm-fixed-priced contract is a type of contract which made for a price that is not subject to pay any extra cost on the basis of contractors cost experience during performing the contract. This contract type places maximum risk to the contractor and full responsibility for all costs resulting profit or loss. It provides maximum incentive for the contractor to control the costs and perform the task effectively and imposes a minimum administrative burden upon contracting parties. 14.0 Type of Contract Form: Boeing does not have any traditional contract form. Boeing has different specified contract form, each contract form especially designed according to the product or goods. For procurement of goods or services for defense helicopter or for commercial plane they have different contract forms. Each contract form varies according to their product or services but all the contract forms are based on the prime contract i.e. â€Å"FFP Contract†. There is a sample contract form of Boeing is attached in Appendix no. 10, I) Boeings Procurement Contract Form for further information. 15.0 Legal Issues: Following Legal issues might arise during this project:  · Financial: The financial laws of any business are many in number and they varied from location to location. There are always new rules, regulation and taxes are imposes by government and they are changing regularly so its necessary for us to keep update with the latest tax laws and other financial regulation. This project involves large amount of money so its necessary for the Boeing to follow all the financial laws to protect themselves from any financial laws infringement which can cause an extra cost to the project.  · Contractual: This is the most common legal issue in any business. In this project where the suppliers and contractors are more than hundred in numbers the legal issues are very common. To minimize these issues it is necessary for both the parties involved in contract should read and understand the contract properly. * Advertising: Advertisings legal issues arise when a company says pretty much anything they want to in advertising to sell their product. These legal issues arise generally in small business where the product is small and cheap, and then it is easy to fool the public. But its not easy to do in the big projects like making of aircraft for the world renowned company because the big product like aircraft is not going to advertise on the television for the general consumers.  · Operations: The way company runs his business is one of the most important legal aspect need to be consider. Company must make sure that his business operations are governed by federal, state and local laws. In the organization there are so many laws of different department need to be considered during operation of the company or project like laws regarding human resources, tax reporting deadlines, and required insurance. The common saying â€Å"better safe than sorry† definitely applies to laws that govern the business of the organization because company needs to be extra careful as competitors are always ready to pick this kind of mistake or error so that they can highlight this issue and damage the brand image of company and fail the project. 16.0 Disputes between Stake holders and Competitors: Disputes: The dispute between stake holders will arise when there is disagreement between the stakeholders regarding their personal interest or when interest of one stakeholder is opposite to another stakeholder. If the dispute between stakeholders will not solve early then it may lead to the change in projects definition, scope and objectives. Mostly dispute between stakeholders resolved by any one of the form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) method i.e. Arbitration, Mediation and Negotiation. Usage of ADR form depends on the complexity of the dispute. â€Å"Litigation† is the last option for the company to solve the dispute as it involves lots of money and time. Disputes between stakeholders can be reduced and solved by following methods: Improved communication: More attention need to be given to dispute management in the organization so that it helps to increase more open relationship with the stakeholders. Stronger relationships: The relationship between stakeholders will improve with the help of effective communication between the stakeholders. The stronger relationship helps to build a better understanding between the stakeholders. Encouragement of appropriate solution: Problem and issues should identify at early stage and dealt with appropriate and most satisfactory outcome for the stakeholders. Corporate culture: The culture of the organization should be flexible and solution oriented. And the management and the employees take the responsibility to solve the problem or issue at their level. Early ide